#: locale=en
## Action
### PDF
PopupPDFBehaviour_84FF232E_E884_D825_41E2_06B24BF6B60D.url = files/RiskAssessment_Form_en.pdf
PopupPDFBehaviour_82F9A786_E87C_58E5_41B4_93635E4BABE6.url = files/RiskAssessment_Form_en.pdf
PopupPDFBehaviour_12B4E82A_1859_ECDA_41B2_3D33FEFB0B4F.url = files/STHE-Completed%20Datasheet_en.pdf
PopupPDFBehaviour_BC9334F7_2353_7EEE_41A8_27B7E56CF2E0.url = files/STHE-Completed%20Datasheet_en.pdf
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PopupPDFBehaviour_C5933D1A_0BC9_E4FA_419D_715F6C952228.url = files/design_operation_details_en.pdf
PopupPDFBehaviour_CEC0CAB0_0BC8_2DC6_41A0_B0C75318211A.url = files/design_operation_details_en.pdf
## E-Learning
### Answer
questionOption_8D464A64_0848_6D4E_41A3_66646FCC4FD0.text = Baffles
questionOption_778CF618_0849_E4C6_41A7_8F978EF65238.text = Baffles
questionOption_480F2B77_0849_E34A_4157_D4E7C93B9DA7.text = Baffles increase the overall heat transfer coefficient on the shell side
questionOption_13017B1D_07D8_2CFE_4198_CCFD524DB505.text = Baffles increase the overall heat transfer coefficient on the shell side
questionOption_4800FB77_0849_E34A_419D_63591428C247.text = Baffles provide mechanical support to the tubes and help them to be in position
questionOption_1300AB1D_07D8_2CFE_418A_DF830D9BB058.text = Baffles provide mechanical support to the tubes and help them to be in position
questionOption_13015B1D_07D8_2CFE_4183_41EAF8E27D04.text = Baffles streamline the motion of the fluid in Shell side and hence decreases the turbulence
questionOption_4800EB77_0849_E34A_4193_0C9B11A54D76.text = Baffles streamline the motion of the fluid in Shell side and hence decreases the turbulence
questionOption_4E8888CB_0858_6D5A_41A1_4A408AB2ED9A.text = Co-current flow, because the temperature of the two fluids converge
questionOption_AAA1694D_E1FF_607D_41D6_788BC8BAFFDA.text = Co-current flow, because the temperature of the two fluids converge
questionOption_AB000A16_E1FF_23EF_4193_E066CB4470F9.text = Counter-current flow, because the difference of temperature between the two fluids remains constant.
questionOption_4E8898CB_0858_6D5A_41A0_E72FE963A211.text = Counter-current flow, because the difference of temperature between the two fluids remains constant.
questionOption_8D46BA64_0848_6D4E_417A_61C13072F9C5.text = False
questionOption_716B94E1_0848_2546_4145_7B697D7B4000.text = False
questionOption_8D467A64_0848_6D4E_4185_DFC51A1C88A3.text = Inlets and outlets
questionOption_8ED31850_0848_2D46_4180_50C2CE93466A.text = Inlets and outlets
questionOption_8D465A63_0848_6D4A_41A8_2E90741274CE.text = Shell
questionOption_8D61DF0D_0848_E4DE_4196_EF3C35F1A2D1.text = Shell
questionOption_FA90B8F2_DE9D_6027_41E0_5FC269C4848A.text = Shell side
questionOption_201DA92A_0838_2CDA_4184_BF019B26BC84.text = Shell side
questionOption_13014B1D_07D8_2CFE_4196_072C50677D6C.text = The most common type of baffle is segmental baffles
questionOption_480F3B77_0849_E34A_41A1_167278C54CB9.text = The most common type of baffle is segmental baffles
questionOption_B174AF79_0BC8_2346_4170_C53F9F3D5CC2.text = The shell and is drained
questionOption_B8DBF834_0848_2CCE_41A6_797D3437DC40.text = The shell and is drained
questionOption_CD8F3FF5_0848_234E_4157_7FBC026B9A42.text = The shell and is recirculated
questionOption_B1749F79_0BC8_2346_419C_B4907AC355D9.text = The shell and is recirculated
questionOption_B1748F79_0BC8_2346_4197_CF65F6D85826.text = The tubes and is drained
questionOption_BA3D7081_0848_1DC6_4194_F21C9D4F241A.text = The tubes and is drained
questionOption_B174BF79_0BC8_2346_418F_8A4C99790EE2.text = The tubes and is recirculated
questionOption_BEAFA5E0_0848_2746_4198_B4C86078999D.text = The tubes and is recirculated
questionOption_768C287E_084B_ED3A_4179_4F4CC47E3D04.text = True
questionOption_8D46AA64_0848_6D4E_4185_4227E03919A8.text = True
questionOption_8FE9E1F0_0848_1F46_41A6_D20A5B340516.text = Tube sheet
questionOption_8D466A63_0848_6D4A_419E_517C3FE0DA46.text = Tube sheet
questionOption_FBDF7DC0_DE9D_E063_41B8_8F8EAEF28A84.text = Tube side
questionOption_201D992A_0838_2CDA_419F_B51DEDB50BB5.text = Tube side
questionOption_8C455589_0848_27C6_41A7_598115141D9F.text = Tubes
questionOption_8D460A63_0848_6D4A_4160_3434BFAF838C.text = Tubes
questionOption_FFA60FC8_DFA4_E063_41E0_59C5FF21B890.text = all of the above
questionOption_D2C30E76_E88C_4825_41E6_80655F56CF65.text = all of the above
questionOption_C0BAA09B_DFA5_20E5_41E8_7B1E00509926.text = conduction
questionOption_D2C3DE76_E88C_4825_41E4_15D1F53E2F42.text = conduction
questionOption_FF1A1C38_DFA5_6023_41D8_DF51B8DF6E34.text = conduction and convection
questionOption_D2C31E76_E88C_4825_41D4_1C9E0DF97968.text = conduction and convection
questionOption_FFEBCFB4_DFA5_6023_41D2_1B5E99A8742A.text = convection
questionOption_D2C3CE76_E88C_4825_41EA_9516BDD605FD.text = convection
questionOption_D2C3EE76_E88C_4825_41CD_1967CB679F5B.text = convection and radiation
questionOption_FEF9118E_DFA5_20FF_41EA_BF950807CD1F.text = convection and radiation
questionOption_FE625244_DFA5_E063_41CC_22A3FCEFA610.text = radiation
questionOption_D2C3FE76_E88C_4825_41EC_2BC3D1ADD315.text = radiation
### Question
question_4E8878CB_0858_6D5A_4127_7EAA257687A8.title = Can you predict which STHE flow type would be more efficient?
question_A962106A_E1FF_E027_41C1_D082CA3B3E1A.title = Can you predict which STHE flow type would be more efficient?
question_729B20B7_0848_1DCA_4191_3301F9A49F46.title = Identify the main components of the STHE.
question_8D460A63_0848_6D4A_4191_281D9384E454.title = Identify the main components of the STHE.
question_201DC929_0838_2CC6_4152_9F83CB30CA04.title = In a STHE, where should the high-pressure, hot or corrosive fluid be passed?
question_F9CF34DD_DE9D_601D_41B4_6B79E8A42DC7.title = In a STHE, where should the high-pressure, hot or corrosive fluid be passed?
question_B1FD1F68_0848_2346_419C_A6CFD4E4AD0E.title = In the equipment setup, where does the hot water flow through?
question_B1742F79_0BC8_2346_419C_3D5CB5C490E9.title = In the equipment setup, where does the hot water flow through?
question_FE24755F_DF9B_201D_41D5_F14585AC47F2.title = The concept of overall coefficient of heat transfer is used in which heat transfer situations?
question_D2C39E76_E88C_4825_41DD_C5AB0F0945A1.title = The concept of overall coefficient of heat transfer is used in which heat transfer situations?
question_8C799847_0848_2D4A_4174_F730DCD67F06.title = True or False? The Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most common type of HE in industries due to its capability to handle high pressure and temperature.
question_8D465A64_0848_6D4E_419A_0B50802562A6.title = True or False? The Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most common type of HE in industries due to its capability to handle high pressure and temperature.
question_480F3B77_0849_E34A_4194_335AA69DE303.title = Which of the following statements are correct about baffles in a STHE? Select all that apply.
question_13017B1D_07D8_2CFE_4196_5849D96F0B0E.title = Which of the following statements are correct about baffles in a STHE? Select all that apply.
### Question Screen
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### Score Name
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### Timeout Screen
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## Hotspot
### Text
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_BF4BA3E6_6C39_B727_41D8_6106CC196624.text = This is a 360-degree Virtual Tour. \
\
Click on the icons and drag the screen to explore. \
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单击图标并拖动屏幕进行探索。 \
### Tooltip
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## Media
### Image
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### Title
album_4CBB4F90_0848_63C6_419B_763EDCF15846_0.label = Co-current flow chinese
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photo_4C75EA60_0848_6D46_4172_F0DF99BD7B14.label = Cross flow english
photo_4C7F399E_0848_2FFA_4158_1F70F62CF0E7.label = Cross-counter flow (hybrid) chinese
photo_4DEF7C03_0848_24CA_419E_60B30E30EDBB.label = Cross-counter flow (hybrid) english
photo_36B036FB_0838_253A_417F_748A30AB2759.label = Disk & doughnut baffles chinese
photo_36560E50_08CF_E546_417C_B29377593402.label = Disk & doughnut baffles english
photo_3676C881_0838_6DC6_4191_53459D67B025.label = Double segmental baffles chinese
photo_369A8348_08C8_2346_4194_FAF398D62D90.label = Double segmental baffles english
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album_48233FBB_083B_E33A_41A0_CBB5BEA7A1A2.label = Gallery baffles - Chinese
album_368CE7A2_08C8_23CA_4191_36AAF3FCAAFE.label = Gallery baffles - English
album_B2975E7D_2351_0DE2_41B6_7A251D2762BB.label = Photo Album Straight-tube heat exchanger chinese
album_BA4E3551_22AF_3F22_41BA_6596D2748B34.label = Photo Album Straight-tube heat exchanger english
panorama_C720821F_CA9A_4E5D_41B9_21EC8DF3EC97.label = Procedure
album_48233FBB_083B_E33A_41A0_CBB5BEA7A1A2_0.label = Single segmental baffles chinese
album_368CE7A2_08C8_23CA_4191_36AAF3FCAAFE_0.label = Single segmental baffles english
album_B2975E7D_2351_0DE2_41B6_7A251D2762BB_0.label = Straight-tube heat exchanger chinese
album_BA4E3551_22AF_3F22_41BA_6596D2748B34_0.label = Straight-tube heat exchanger english
panorama_FA3988A0_B5EE_9B4F_41D4_8EC97351986A.label = Theory
photo_364F778A_0838_E3DA_414B_86CE0BA1CC70.label = Triple segmental baffles chinese
photo_3588977A_08C8_633A_4198_C781339FAF4B.label = Triple segmental baffles english
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### Video
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### Video Subtitles
## Right Click Menu
### Text
TDVAuthor.label = Madelon Heperi
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Button_275D1B9D_0858_63FE_4183_C96F3FEB9A22_mobile.label = Credits
Button_FE19BBF9_DFAC_E025_41E1_DF86071E9BF5_mobile.label = Credits
Button_A9D5A1B0_E1A4_E023_41E1_A2255E84FD85_mobile.label = Credits
Button_C0F64631_DFE5_2025_41E4_FE16E37C4F7B_mobile.label = Credits
Button_C2F87CEA_DFAD_2027_41E3_1CE8364D6963.label = Credits
Button_F302CE38_E87B_C82D_41E1_2209BA700B19.label = Credits
Button_D2FD3AE1_9F8E_04E0_41E0_B5BECC74F09C_mobile.pressedLabel = Credits
Button_C0F64631_DFE5_2025_41E4_FE16E37C4F7B.label = Credits
Button_B61824A9_0838_65C6_4174_CC7A9E337260_mobile.label = Credits
Button_D2FD3AE1_9F8E_04E0_41E0_B5BECC74F09C_mobile.label = Credits
Button_FE6415D0_DF9D_2063_41BB_0185D00FD8FF_mobile.label = Credits
Button_FE19BBF9_DFAC_E025_41E1_DF86071E9BF5.label = Credits
Button_FEB5C9BE_DE65_201F_41E0_3E06CD18CD2A_mobile.label = Credits
Button_33477306_08C8_FCCA_41A0_35C76FC52C7B_mobile.label = Credits
Button_FA14E453_DE6F_E065_419B_5C4CD22A9E1D_mobile.label = Credits
Button_13002B1B_07D8_2CFA_4153_D3F958179326.label = Credits
Button_F302CE38_E87B_C82D_41E1_2209BA700B19.pressedLabel = Credits
Button_FB844A7F_DE7F_601D_41EB_8556A606F11B_mobile.label = Credits
Button_252766FF_0859_E53A_4174_043BDF11787E_mobile.label = Credits
Button_FE6415D0_DF9D_2063_41BB_0185D00FD8FF.label = Credits
Button_FE3F89B3_DFE4_E025_41E1_38A440B7021B_mobile.label = Credits
Button_F2BB7D89_E885_C8EF_41EB_599F85EA0744.label = Credits
Button_C2F87CEA_DFAD_2027_41E3_1CE8364D6963_mobile.label = Credits
Button_FEB5C9BE_DE65_201F_41E0_3E06CD18CD2A.label = Credits
Button_A9D5A1B0_E1A4_E023_41E1_A2255E84FD85_mobile.pressedLabel = Credits
Button_B61824A9_0838_65C6_4174_CC7A9E337260.label = Credits
Button_275D1B9D_0858_63FE_4183_C96F3FEB9A22.label = Credits
Button_33477306_08C8_FCCA_41A0_35C76FC52C7B.label = Credits
Button_FB844A7F_DE7F_601D_41EB_8556A606F11B.label = Credits
Button_FA14E453_DE6F_E065_419B_5C4CD22A9E1D.label = Credits
Button_F8FA7F54_DE6D_E063_41C5_C1F4E4C9DB4E.label = Download
Button_FC466B86_1838_23CA_4187_43613F6C029C_mobile.pressedLabel = Download
Button_F8FA7F54_DE6D_E063_41C5_C1F4E4C9DB4E.pressedLabel = Download
Button_FC466B86_1838_23CA_4187_43613F6C029C_mobile.label = Download
Button_FFE73C9F_1BD8_25FA_419F_EC344728D9ED.pressedLabel = Download
Button_F8FA7F54_DE6D_E063_41C5_C1F4E4C9DB4E_mobile.pressedLabel = Download
Button_F8FA7F54_DE6D_E063_41C5_C1F4E4C9DB4E_mobile.label = Download
Button_B61844AA_0838_65DA_41A8_E0CE826EE486_mobile.label = Download
Button_B61844AA_0838_65DA_41A8_E0CE826EE486_mobile.pressedLabel = Download
Button_FFE73C9F_1BD8_25FA_419F_EC344728D9ED_mobile.pressedLabel = Download
Button_FC466B86_1838_23CA_4187_43613F6C029C.label = Download
Button_FFE73C9F_1BD8_25FA_419F_EC344728D9ED_mobile.label = Download
Button_B61844AA_0838_65DA_41A8_E0CE826EE486.label = Download
Button_FC466B86_1838_23CA_4187_43613F6C029C.pressedLabel = Download
Button_B61844AA_0838_65DA_41A8_E0CE826EE486.pressedLabel = Download
Button_D744ED42_968E_7D20_41D6_06AAF276F9BB_mobile.label = Download
Button_D744ED42_968E_7D20_41D6_06AAF276F9BB.label = Download
Button_D744ED42_968E_7D20_41D6_06AAF276F9BB.pressedLabel = Download
Button_FFE73C9F_1BD8_25FA_419F_EC344728D9ED.label = Download
Button_D744ED42_968E_7D20_41D6_06AAF276F9BB_mobile.pressedLabel = Download Form
Button_B42E0858_968A_0320_41A5_46DF54038E1F_mobile.label = Equipment
Button_B42E0858_968A_0320_41A5_46DF54038E1F.pressedLabel = Equipment
Button_B42E0858_968A_0320_41A5_46DF54038E1F.label = Equipment
Button_B42E0858_968A_0320_41A5_46DF54038E1F_mobile.pressedLabel = Equipment
Button_B8254D85_0858_27CE_418D_2368564954C1.label = Next
Button_FEB5C9BE_DE65_201F_41E0_3E06CD18CD2A.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE67E5D1_DF9D_2065_41DF_7BF2BB5EFB9D.pressedLabel = Next
Button_B8F9382A_08C8_ECDA_41A7_4575889EBF6C.pressedLabel = Next
Button_B8F9382A_08C8_ECDA_41A7_4575889EBF6C_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_B4A75B74_2351_0BE2_41B0_B4D0621976A4.label = Next
Button_B61824A9_0838_65C6_4174_CC7A9E337260.pressedLabel = Next
Button_B8254D85_0858_27CE_418D_2368564954C1.pressedLabel = Next
Button_F93816C3_1BD8_654A_41AD_BCC52357C9E1.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE5D92EA_1838_1D5A_4190_7B5F3C7D231E.label = Next
Button_F93816C3_1BD8_654A_41AD_BCC52357C9E1.label = Next
Button_B8F9382A_08C8_ECDA_41A7_4575889EBF6C.label = Next
Button_33448307_08C8_FCCA_417D_407E4B72F5CD.label = Next
Button_FE67E5D1_DF9D_2065_41DF_7BF2BB5EFB9D.label = Next
Button_FE6415D0_DF9D_2063_41BB_0185D00FD8FF.pressedLabel = Next
Button_B4A75B74_2351_0BE2_41B0_B4D0621976A4.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE5D92EA_1838_1D5A_4190_7B5F3C7D231E.pressedLabel = Next
Button_33448307_08C8_FCCA_417D_407E4B72F5CD.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FB844A7F_DE7F_601D_41EB_8556A606F11B.pressedLabel = Next
Button_13008B1C_07D8_2CFE_4188_CE3058281CC2.pressedLabel = Next
Button_13008B1C_07D8_2CFE_4188_CE3058281CC2.label = Next
Button_BAC11968_2351_17E2_41A0_F83E22976B54_mobile.label = Next
Button_FA14E453_DE6F_E065_419B_5C4CD22A9E1D.pressedLabel = Next
Button_275D6B9E_0858_63FA_413A_E4AB57AEA334.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C0F66632_DFE5_2027_41DC_D6E1469B7675.label = Next
Button_275D6B9E_0858_63FA_413A_E4AB57AEA334.label = Next
Button_13002B1B_07D8_2CFA_4153_D3F958179326.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE18EBFA_DFAC_E027_41E7_1E0552CDF5D9.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE18EBFA_DFAC_E027_41E7_1E0552CDF5D9.label = Next
Button_FE19BBF9_DFAC_E025_41E1_DF86071E9BF5.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C0F66632_DFE5_2027_41DC_D6E1469B7675.pressedLabel = Next
Button_33477306_08C8_FCCA_41A0_35C76FC52C7B.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C0F64631_DFE5_2025_41E4_FE16E37C4F7B.pressedLabel = Next
Button_CD22EF60_BF1A_B5CF_41E6_B07C05574DE0_mobile.label = Next
Button_CD22EF60_BF1A_B5CF_41E6_B07C05574DE0_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_275D1B9D_0858_63FE_4183_C96F3FEB9A22.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FA14C454_DE6F_E063_41DF_C6D82A293503.label = Next
Button_8D3C7A54_EB84_4865_41E6_0A7A2E8F4F25_mobile.label = Next
Button_8D3C7A54_EB84_4865_41E6_0A7A2E8F4F25_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_F8FABF56_DE6D_E06F_41DF_CD9CB8F34214.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FA7C3F41_1878_6346_417A_558931A671CB.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FA7C3F41_1878_6346_417A_558931A671CB.label = Next
Button_B61824A9_0838_65C6_4174_CC7A9E337260_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_F8FABF56_DE6D_E06F_41DF_CD9CB8F34214.label = Next
Button_FE5B8486_DFE5_20EF_41DB_56E2C72E1421.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FA14C454_DE6F_E063_41DF_C6D82A293503.pressedLabel = Next
Button_B8254D85_0858_27CE_418D_2368564954C1_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE3F89B4_DFE4_E023_41E9_6208A0697244.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE3F89B4_DFE4_E023_41E9_6208A0697244.label = Next
Button_B8254D85_0858_27CE_418D_2368564954C1_mobile.label = Next
Button_A9D5A1B1_E1A4_E025_41E0_76550B4D3134_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE3F89B3_DFE4_E025_41E1_38A440B7021B.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C2FB1CEB_DFAD_2025_41B5_3335929000CF.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C2FB1CEB_DFAD_2025_41B5_3335929000CF.label = Next
Button_C2F87CEA_DFAD_2027_41E3_1CE8364D6963.pressedLabel = Next
Button_F2BB7D89_E885_C8EF_41EB_599F85EA0744.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C2F87CEA_DFAD_2027_41E3_1CE8364D6963_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C2FB1CEB_DFAD_2025_41B5_3335929000CF_mobile.label = Next
Button_C2FB1CEB_DFAD_2025_41B5_3335929000CF_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_F302FE39_E87B_C82F_41B2_2B76F9891C4E.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE3F89B3_DFE4_E025_41E1_38A440B7021B_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE3F89B4_DFE4_E023_41E9_6208A0697244_mobile.label = Next
Button_FE3F89B4_DFE4_E023_41E9_6208A0697244_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE5B8486_DFE5_20EF_41DB_56E2C72E1421_mobile.label = Next
Button_FE5B8486_DFE5_20EF_41DB_56E2C72E1421_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FA7C9F40_1878_6346_41A0_B616593F95D2.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE5B8486_DFE5_20EF_41DB_56E2C72E1421.label = Next
Button_BAC11968_2351_17E2_41A0_F83E22976B54_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_F93816C3_1BD8_654A_41AD_BCC52357C9E1_mobile.label = Next
Button_F93816C3_1BD8_654A_41AD_BCC52357C9E1_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C0F64631_DFE5_2025_41E4_FE16E37C4F7B_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_C0F66632_DFE5_2027_41DC_D6E1469B7675_mobile.label = Next
Button_C0F66632_DFE5_2027_41DC_D6E1469B7675_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE5D92EA_1838_1D5A_4190_7B5F3C7D231E_mobile.label = Next
Button_FE19BBF9_DFAC_E025_41E1_DF86071E9BF5_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE18EBFA_DFAC_E027_41E7_1E0552CDF5D9_mobile.label = Next
Button_FE18EBFA_DFAC_E027_41E7_1E0552CDF5D9_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE5D92EA_1838_1D5A_4190_7B5F3C7D231E_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_13002B1B_07D8_2CFA_4153_D3F958179326_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_13008B1C_07D8_2CFE_4188_CE3058281CC2_mobile.label = Next
Button_13008B1C_07D8_2CFE_4188_CE3058281CC2_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_8D3D6E8D_E887_C8E7_41CA_9924CCF392EA.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE6415D0_DF9D_2063_41BB_0185D00FD8FF_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FE67E5D1_DF9D_2065_41DF_7BF2BB5EFB9D_mobile.label = Next
Button_FE67E5D1_DF9D_2065_41DF_7BF2BB5EFB9D_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_8D3D6E8D_E887_C8E7_41CA_9924CCF392EA.label = Next
Button_FEB5C9BE_DE65_201F_41E0_3E06CD18CD2A_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_252766FF_0859_E53A_4174_043BDF11787E_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_25277700_0859_E4C6_4189_1AE2FB4F8B40_mobile.label = Next
Button_A035E12B_978A_0560_41CC_A9172AD21C06.pressedLabel = Next
Button_33477306_08C8_FCCA_41A0_35C76FC52C7B_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_33448307_08C8_FCCA_417D_407E4B72F5CD_mobile.label = Next
Button_33448307_08C8_FCCA_417D_407E4B72F5CD_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_A035E12B_978A_0560_41CC_A9172AD21C06.label = Next
Button_FA14E453_DE6F_E065_419B_5C4CD22A9E1D_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_FA14C454_DE6F_E063_41DF_C6D82A293503_mobile.label = Next
Button_FA14C454_DE6F_E063_41DF_C6D82A293503_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_275D6B9E_0858_63FA_413A_E4AB57AEA334_mobile.label = Next
Button_275D6B9E_0858_63FA_413A_E4AB57AEA334_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_275D1B9D_0858_63FE_4183_C96F3FEB9A22_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_25277700_0859_E4C6_4189_1AE2FB4F8B40_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_B8F9382A_08C8_ECDA_41A7_4575889EBF6C_mobile.label = Next
Button_FB844A7F_DE7F_601D_41EB_8556A606F11B_mobile.pressedLabel = Next
Button_72A02542_DD77_F5D3_41DC_AA683A0D913F.label = Next step
Button_72A02542_DD77_F5D3_41DC_AA683A0D913F_mobile.pressedLabel = Next step
Button_77C2FC6E_DD76_9BD3_41D9_B44CF460541D.pressedLabel = Next step
Button_77C2FC6E_DD76_9BD3_41D9_B44CF460541D_mobile.label = Next step
Button_77C2FC6E_DD76_9BD3_41D9_B44CF460541D.label = Next step
Button_72A02542_DD77_F5D3_41DC_AA683A0D913F.pressedLabel = Next step
Button_77C2FC6E_DD76_9BD3_41D9_B44CF460541D_mobile.pressedLabel = Next step
Button_72A02542_DD77_F5D3_41DC_AA683A0D913F_mobile.label = Next step
Button_A945CE89_968E_1F20_41E2_C1935DC1F86F.label = No
Button_A945CE89_968E_1F20_41E2_C1935DC1F86F.pressedLabel = No
Button_A945CE89_968E_1F20_41E2_C1935DC1F86F_mobile.label = No
Button_A945CE89_968E_1F20_41E2_C1935DC1F86F_mobile.pressedLabel = No
Button_B42EE858_968A_0320_41DF_4FC06295A0EA.pressedLabel = Procedure
Button_B42EE858_968A_0320_41DF_4FC06295A0EA.label = Procedure
Button_B42EE858_968A_0320_41DF_4FC06295A0EA_mobile.label = Procedure
Button_B42EE858_968A_0320_41DF_4FC06295A0EA_mobile.pressedLabel = Procedure
Button_D66AE74A_9F96_0D20_41D5_B7B6AA69EEBF_mobile.label = Start
Button_D66AE74A_9F96_0D20_41D5_B7B6AA69EEBF_mobile.pressedLabel = Start
Button_A9D5A1B1_E1A4_E025_41E0_76550B4D3134_mobile.label = Start
Button_F302FE39_E87B_C82F_41B2_2B76F9891C4E.label = Start
Button_B42E2858_968A_0320_41D9_98180D60B1CC_mobile.pressedLabel = Theory
Button_B42E2858_968A_0320_41D9_98180D60B1CC_mobile.label = Theory
Button_B42E2858_968A_0320_41D9_98180D60B1CC.label = Theory
Button_B42E2858_968A_0320_41D9_98180D60B1CC.pressedLabel = Theory
Button_A85ACBC5_968A_0520_41E1_AC329773651B.label = Yes
Button_A85ACBC5_968A_0520_41E1_AC329773651B.pressedLabel = Yes
Button_A85ACBC5_968A_0520_41E1_AC329773651B_mobile.label = Yes
Button_A85ACBC5_968A_0520_41E1_AC329773651B_mobile.pressedLabel = Yes
### Image
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Image_262149A0_0848_2FC6_4176_76DF910C3210_mobile.url = skin/Image_262149A0_0848_2FC6_4176_76DF910C3210_mobile_en.png
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Image_30B40202_BD3B_8F53_41E1_B7A38DB983B6.url = skin/Image_30B40202_BD3B_8F53_41E1_B7A38DB983B6_en.jpg
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Image_327A331A_BD7E_8D73_41E2_B8398C67B19A_mobile.url = skin/Image_327A331A_BD7E_8D73_41E2_B8398C67B19A_mobile_en.jpg
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Image_3340B305_08C8_FCCE_4188_938B74ED9A2F_mobile.url = skin/Image_3340B305_08C8_FCCE_4188_938B74ED9A2F_mobile_en.jpg
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Image_34644828_08C8_ECC6_4194_71C9B6EF8A0F_mobile.url = skin/Image_34644828_08C8_ECC6_4194_71C9B6EF8A0F_mobile_en.png
Image_347EA864_BD2B_BBD7_41D4_0CDB0C94037A.url = skin/Image_347EA864_BD2B_BBD7_41D4_0CDB0C94037A_en.jpg
Image_347EA864_BD2B_BBD7_41D4_0CDB0C94037A_mobile.url = skin/Image_347EA864_BD2B_BBD7_41D4_0CDB0C94037A_mobile_en.jpg
Image_34FA9F04_BD36_9557_41DC_DA14F7AE25E4.url = skin/Image_34FA9F04_BD36_9557_41DC_DA14F7AE25E4_en.jpg
Image_34FA9F04_BD36_9557_41DC_DA14F7AE25E4_mobile.url = skin/Image_34FA9F04_BD36_9557_41DC_DA14F7AE25E4_mobile_en.jpg
Image_351594F7_BD7E_74B1_41E3_CE08F38ED580.url = skin/Image_351594F7_BD7E_74B1_41E3_CE08F38ED580_en.jpg
Image_351594F7_BD7E_74B1_41E3_CE08F38ED580_mobile.url = skin/Image_351594F7_BD7E_74B1_41E3_CE08F38ED580_mobile_en.jpg
Image_359E0DC7_BD16_74D1_41DD_098ED2C399AF.url = skin/Image_359E0DC7_BD16_74D1_41DD_098ED2C399AF_en.jpg
Image_38ABEAF4_BCFA_BCB7_41E0_F8782F3C284F.url = skin/Image_38ABEAF4_BCFA_BCB7_41E0_F8782F3C284F_en.jpg
Image_3C4B569F_BCFA_F771_41C1_58AC06F6481C.url = skin/Image_3C4B569F_BCFA_F771_41C1_58AC06F6481C_en.jpg
Image_3C8F825C_024D_4AC3_4183_D5782B82DE08.url = skin/Image_3C8F825C_024D_4AC3_4183_D5782B82DE08_en.png
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HTMLText_FA769F3C_1878_633E_4198_7F6524B8DEA1.html = Single vs. Multi Pass
Single-Pass: Is when the fluid (liquid or gas) only flows through the heat exchanger once going in and out in a straight flow.
Multi-Pass: Is when the fluid (liquid or gas) passes through the heat exchanger several times before exiting.
Both single and multi-pass heat exchangers can operate in co-current and counter-current flow directions. View the image gallery to see the temperature profiles for each.
Instructions
This scientific experiment will guide you through researching the effect of different variables on heat transfer coefficient using the shell and tube heat exchanger. The approach will help you gain new knowledge or prove existing knowledge by observing, reflecting and explaining the outcome.
Refer to the icons below to access specific content elements and navigate between activities. As you work through the sequence of activities, they will be marked as done.
This type of heat exchanger is widely used in industry for applications such as condensers, turbine coolers and evaporators and are designed to bear high pressures and are resistant to thermal shocks.
This type of heat exchanger is widely used in industry for applications such as condensers, turbine coolers and evaporators and are designed to bear high pressures and are resistant to thermal shocks.
Health and Safety
In order to progress you must adhere to the following requirements.
Health and Safety Risk Assessment
Download and complete the Health and Safety Risk Assessment form. This must be signed and approved by an authorised person before you can begin the experimental procedure.
Instructions
This scientific experiment will guide you through researching the effect of different variables on heat transfer coefficient using the shell and tube heat exchanger. The approach will help you gain new knowledge or prove existing knowledge by observing, reflecting and explaining the outcome.
Refer to the icons below to access specific content elements and navigate between activities. As you work through the sequence of activities, they will be marked as done.
Purpose of the experiment
As an engineer your job would be to design a heat exchanger that operates at maximum efficiency, safety and require low maintenance. In order to do this, you must understand the design factors. The following experiment will help you identify and evaluate the factors that affect the heat transfer in a shell and tube heat exchanger.
The design of the heat exchanger utilises both convection and conduction types of heat transfer.
Convection: transfer of heat occurs in the movement of fluids, creating continuous heating and cooling process
Conduction: transfer of heat due to direct contact
Stop and have a think, what factors would be important for convection and conduction heat transfer?
Terminology
It is important to understand the terms, symbols, definitions and units of measurement.
Download the following document for your reference.
U-tube STHE
In this virtual laboratory you will be using a U-tube STHE enabling the fluid in the tubes to pass through the shell twice. The flow configuration is complicated in this case and is important to take into consideration when comparing results from co-current counter-current.
What is a heat exchanger?
A heat exchanger (HX) is a device that allows heat (Q) from one fluid (liquid or gas) to transfer to another without the two fluids having to mix or come in direct contact.
In a domestic setting, heat exchangers are used for air-conditioning, household plumbing and refrigeration.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The advantages and disadvantages of shell and tube heat exchanger are compared with plate heat exchanger since they are two dominant types in the industrial world.
Advantages
• Less expensive and easy design as compared to Plate heat exchanger
• Can be used under high operating temperatures and pressures
• Pressure drop is less
• Less prone to fouling
• Tube leaks are easily located and plugged since pressure test is comparatively easy
• Using sacrificial anodes protects the whole system against corrosion
Disadvantages
• Heat transfer efficiency is less compared to Plate heat exchanger
• Cleaning and maintenance are difficult
• Cooling capacity cannot be increased
• Requires more space in comparison to plate heat exchanger
Configuration
Once all data has been recorded for the various hot/cold/flow rate settings by following the datasheet, change the STHE flow configuration to counter-current and repeat the steps.
Control panel
The following video covers features of the control panel used to setup the experiment.
Credits
Discipline of Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE)
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Curtin University
Lihong Liu
Lecturer (Sessional Academic)
Arash Arami-Niya
Lecturer
Roshanak Doroushi
Laboratory technician
Learning Engagement Team
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Curtin University
Diana Taylor
Lead Learning Engagement Developer
Madelon Heperi
Senior Learning Media Developer
Tommy Woodward
Multimedia Assistant
Design and operation details
Download a copy of the STHE design and operation details that you will need for calculations.
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Dimensions
Shell inside diameter - DS = 0.152m
Tube inside diameter - di = 0.00705m
Tube outside diameter - do = 0.00953m
Tube effective length - L = 0.970m
Number of tube - NT = 50 tubes
Number of passes - 2
Tube pitch - 0.001191m
Tube arrangement - triangular
Baffle type - segmented
Baffle cut - 25%
Baffle pitch - 0.1m
Duty
Tube side: hot water
Shell side: cold water
Material
Tube: Stainless Steel
Shell: Stainless Steel
Equipment setup
Watch the following video to become familiar with the Shell and U-tube Heat Exchanger that will be used for the experiment.
General Guidelines
There are six General Guidelines for STHE
1. The fluid at the higher pressure should pass through the tubes (tube-side). This saves the expense of a high-pressure shell.
2. The fluid most likely to cause fouling within the exchanger should be tube-side. The inside of the tubes is easier to clean than the outside.
3. The more corrosive fluid should be tube-side.
4. The tubes should be made from corrosion-resistant material. This is much less expensive than having the shell made from this material and, if corrosion occurs, only the tubes need replacing.
5. If the heat exchanger is operating as a liquid-gas system, then the gas (with its larger specific volume) should be shell-side.
6. The hotter fluid usually goes through the tubes and the cooler fluid usually goes through the shell surrounding the tubes.
Health and Safety
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
It is a requirement to wear correct PPE to access the laboratory. This includes a lab coat, closed shoes, long trousers/ skirts and safety glasses. Please be aware of the following hazards when operating the rig: (a) Electrical power (240 V) (b) Hot surfaces and fluid.
Do you agree to adhere to these requirements?
Main Components
The Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) contains a large shell, many tubes, tube sheet, four connections (2 inlets and 2 outlets), and a series of baffles. A fluid stream passes through the tubes, and another stream passes through the shell to trade heat energy.
Take a moment to review the diagram.
Procedure
For this procedure you will need:
• STHE datasheet
• pen
• stopwatch
Be sure that the equipment is setup in the following start up conditions:
• Power is on
• Hot water is preheated to 60 degrees Celsius
• Valve configuration is setup for co-current flow
• Have a stopwatch ready to start recording data
Set the flow rate for the first row of data
• Cold water flow is set to 5 LPM
• Hot water is set to 10 LMP
Recording data
The datasheet is used to record the temperature on the gauge for each of the four inlet and outlet points (TT1 – TT4) as well as the cold-water tank (TT5) at various time intervals (t=0, t=1min, t=2min) using a stopwatch.
Co-current configuration
TT1= hot water inlet; TT2=hot water outlet; TT3=cold water inlet; TT4=cold water outlet; TT5=cold water tank.
Counter-current configuration
TT3=cold water outlet; TT4=cold water inlet.
NOTE: TT3 and TT4 alternate as inlet and outlet points based on the configuration.
Shutdown
Once you have completed the experiment you will have a completed datasheet and you can shutdown the SHTE.
Welcome to Virtual Laboratory
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Welcome to the Chemical Engineering Heat Transfer Laboratory at Curtin University. We pay our respects to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members of our community by acknowledging the traditional owners of the land on which the laboratory at Bentley Campus, is located, the Wadjuk people of the Nyungar Nation.
This virtual laboratory guides you through an experiment using the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. On completion you will be able to:
• Adhere to health and safety requirements
• Explain the purpose of the experiment and base theory
• Identify the main components of the equipment
• Recognise advantages and disadvantages of the equipment
• Recall equipment configuration and experimental procedure
• Interpret the data spreadsheet
• Use correct formula for calculations
• Discover the factors that influence efficient heat transfer
Choose your language: English or Chinese.
What are baffles?
Baffles are a key part of the design installed inside the shell for two purposes:
• they guide the shell-side flow back and forth across the tube field, increasing the velocity and the heat transfer coefficient.
• they support the tubes in the proper position during assembly and operation and prevent vibration of the tubes caused by flow-induced eddies. (an eddy is fluid that has a different flow direction)
Some of the commonly used baffles are segmental, doughnut type, helical type, and flower type. Segmental baffle is a plate type baffle and may be single, double or triple segmental. It is not like the continuous helical type. The single and double segmental baffles are most frequently used as they divert the flow most effectively across the tubes.
What is a heat exchanger?
Back in 1700, steam engines relied on boilers to produce steam to power a train. The boiler used a shell and tube heat exchanger to heat water as it passed through a series tubes to reach boiling point.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are now a common design used in oil refineries, chemical process plants, boilers and steam generation.
Control panel
The following video covers features of the control panel used to setup the experiment.
Equipment setup
Watch the following video to become familiar with the Shell and U-tube Heat Exchanger that will be used for the experiment.
Design and operation details
Download a copy of the STHE design and operation details that you will need for calculations.
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Dimensions
Shell inside diameter - DS = 0.152m
Tube inside diameter - di = 0.00705m
Tube outside diameter - do = 0.00953m
Tube effective length - L = 0.970m
Number of tube - NT = 50 tubes
Number of passes - 2
Tube pitch - 0.001191m
Tube arrangement - triangular
Baffle type - segmented
Baffle cut - 25%
Baffle pitch - 0.1m
Duty
Tube side: hot water
Shell side: cold water
Material
Tube: Stainless Steel
Shell: Stainless Steel
General Guidelines
There are six General Guidelines for STHE
1. The fluid at the higher pressure should pass through the tubes (tube-side). This saves the expense of a high-pressure shell.
2. The fluid most likely to cause fouling within the exchanger should be tube-side. The inside of the tubes is easier to clean than the outside.
3. The more corrosive fluid should be tube-side.
4. The tubes should be made from corrosion-resistant material. This is much less expensive than having the shell made from this material and, if corrosion occurs, only the tubes need replacing.
5. If the heat exchanger is operating as a liquid-gas system, then the gas (with its larger specific volume) should be shell-side.
6. The hotter fluid usually goes through the tubes and the cooler fluid usually goes through the shell surrounding the tubes.
Main Components
The Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) contains a large shell, many tubes, tube sheet, four connections (2 inlets and 2 outlets), and a series of baffles. A fluid stream passes through the tubes, and another stream passes through the shell to trade heat energy.
Take a moment to review the diagram.
Configuration
Once all data has been recorded for the various hot/cold/flow rate settings by following the datasheet, change the STHE flow configuration to counter-current and repeat the steps.
Procedure
For this procedure you will need:
• STHE datasheet
• pen
• stopwatch
Be sure that the equipment is setup in the following start up conditions:
• Power is on
• Hot water is preheated to 60 degrees Celsius
• Valve configuration is setup for co-current flow
• Have a stopwatch ready to start recording data
Set the flow rate for the first row of data
• Cold water flow is set to 5 LPM
• Hot water is set to 10 LMP
Recording data
The datasheet is used to record the temperature on the gauge for each of the four inlet and outlet points (TT1 – TT4) as well as the cold-water tank (TT5) at various time intervals (t=0, t=1min, t=2min) using a stopwatch.
Co-current configuration
TT1= hot water inlet; TT2=hot water outlet; TT3=cold water inlet; TT4=cold water outlet; TT5=cold water tank.
Counter-current configuration
TT3=cold water outlet; TT4=cold water inlet.
NOTE: TT3 and TT4 alternate as inlet and outlet points based on the configuration.
Shutdown
Once you have completed the experiment you will have a completed datasheet and you can shutdown the SHTE.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The advantages and disadvantages of shell and tube heat exchanger are compared with plate heat exchanger since they are two dominant types in the industrial world.
Advantages
• Less expensive and easy design as compared to Plate heat exchanger
• Can be used under high operating temperatures and pressures
• Pressure drop is less
• Less prone to fouling
• Tube leaks are easily located and plugged since pressure test is comparatively easy
• Using sacrificial anodes protects the whole system against corrosion
Disadvantages
• Heat transfer efficiency is less compared to Plate heat exchanger
• Cleaning and maintenance are difficult
• Cooling capacity cannot be increased
• Requires more space in comparison to plate heat exchanger
What are baffles?
Baffles are a key part of the design installed inside the shell for two purposes:
• they guide the shell-side flow back and forth across the tube field, increasing the velocity and the heat transfer coefficient.
• they support the tubes in the proper position during assembly and operation and prevent vibration of the tubes caused by flow-induced eddies. (an eddy is fluid that has a different flow direction)
Some of the commonly used baffles are segmental, doughnut type, helical type, and flower type. Segmental baffle is a plate type baffle and may be single, double or triple segmental. It is not like the continuous helical type. The single and double segmental baffles are most frequently used as they divert the flow most effectively across the tubes.
Single vs. Multi Pass
Single-Pass: Is when the fluid (liquid or gas) only flows through the heat exchanger once going in and out in a straight flow.
Multi-Pass: Is when the fluid (liquid or gas) passes through the heat exchanger several times before exiting.
Both single and multi-pass heat exchangers can operate in co-current and counter-current flow directions. View the image gallery to see the temperature profiles for each.
U-tube STHE
In this virtual laboratory you will be using a U-tube STHE enabling the fluid in the tubes to pass through the shell twice. The flow configuration is complicated in this case and is important to take into consideration when comparing results from co-current counter-current.
Credits
Discipline of Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE)
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Curtin University
Lihong Liu
Lecturer (Sessional Academic)
Arash Arami-Niya
Lecturer
Roshanak Doroushi
Laboratory technician
Learning Engagement Team
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Curtin University
Diana Taylor
Lead Learning Engagement Developer
Madelon Heperi
Senior Learning Media Developer
Tommy Woodward
Multimedia Assistant
STHE flow configurations
The flow direction of the fluids inside the shell and tubes can be altered to achieve different results.
Counter-current
Counter-current arrangement has two fluids that are flowing in a opposite direction, the temperature difference remains fairly constant, so the rate of heat transfer remains high along the whole length of the heat exchanger.
Other designs include cross flow (used in cases where the fluid changes state) and cross/counter flow (also known as hybrid flow).
STHE flow configurations
The flow direction of the fluids inside the shell and tubes can be altered to achieve different results.
Co-current
Co-current arrangement is when both the shell side and tube side fluids enter and leave the heat exchanger from the same end such that they flow parallel to each other. The output temperature tends to converge so there is a low rate of heat transfer near the outlet where the temperature difference is least.
STHE flow configurations
The flow direction of the fluids inside the shell and tubes can be altered to achieve different results.
Co-current
Co-current arrangement is when both the shell side and tube side fluids enter and leave the heat exchanger from the same end such that they flow parallel to each other. The output temperature tends to converge so there is a low rate of heat transfer near the outlet where the temperature difference is least.
STHE flow configurations
The flow direction of the fluids inside the shell and tubes can be altered to achieve different results.
Counter-current
Counter-current arrangement has two fluids that are flowing in a opposite direction, the temperature difference remains fairly constant, so the rate of heat transfer remains high along the whole length of the heat exchanger.
Other designs include cross flow (used in cases where the fluid changes state) and cross/counter flow (also known as hybrid flow).
Instructions
This scientific experiment will guide you through researching the effect of different variables on heat transfer coefficient using the shell and tube heat exchanger. The approach will help you gain new knowledge or prove existing knowledge by observing, reflecting and explaining the outcome.
Refer to the icons below to access specific content elements and navigate between activities. As you work through the sequence of activities, they will be marked as done.
What is a heat exchanger?
A heat exchanger (HX) is a device that allows heat (Q) from one fluid (liquid or gas) to transfer to another without the two fluids having to mix or come in direct contact.
In a domestic setting, heat exchangers are used for air-conditioning, household plumbing and refrigeration.
Health and Safety
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
It is a requirement to wear correct PPE to access the laboratory. This includes a lab coat, closed shoes, long trousers/ skirts and safety glasses. Please be aware of the following hazards when operating the rig: (a) Electrical power (240 V) (b) Hot surfaces and fluid.
Do you agree to adhere to these requirements?
Health and Safety
In order to progress you must adhere to the following requirements.
Health and Safety Risk Assessment
Download and complete the Health and Safety Risk Assessment form. This must be signed and approved by an authorised person before you can begin the experimental procedure.
Instructions
This scientific experiment will guide you through researching the effect of different variables on heat transfer coefficient using the shell and tube heat exchanger. The approach will help you gain new knowledge or prove existing knowledge by observing, reflecting and explaining the outcome.
Refer to the icons below to access specific content elements and navigate between activities. As you work through the sequence of activities, they will be marked as done.
Welcome to Virtual Laboratory
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Welcome to the Chemical Engineering Heat Transfer Laboratory at Curtin University. We pay our respects to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members of our community by acknowledging the traditional owners of the land on which the laboratory at Bentley Campus, is located, the Wadjuk people of the Nyungar Nation.
This virtual laboratory guides you through an experiment using the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. On completion you will be able to:
• Adhere to health and safety requirements
• Explain the purpose of the experiment and base theory
• Identify the main components of the equipment
• Recognise advantages and disadvantages of the equipment
• Recall equipment configuration and experimental procedure
• Interpret the data spreadsheet
• Use correct formula for calculations
• Discover the factors that influence efficient heat transfer
Choose your language: English or Chinese.
Purpose of the experiment
As an engineer your job would be to design a heat exchanger that operates at maximum efficiency, safety and require low maintenance. In order to do this, you must understand the design factors. The following experiment will help you identify and evaluate the factors that affect the heat transfer in a shell and tube heat exchanger.
The design of the heat exchanger utilises both convection and conduction types of heat transfer.
Convection: transfer of heat occurs in the movement of fluids, creating continuous heating and cooling process
Conduction: transfer of heat due to direct contact
Stop and have a think, what factors would be important for convection and conduction heat transfer?
Terminology
It is important to understand the terms, symbols, definitions and units of measurement.
Download the following document for your reference.
What is a heat exchanger?
Back in 1700, steam engines relied on boilers to produce steam to power a train. The boiler used a shell and tube heat exchanger to heat water as it passed through a series tubes to reach boiling point.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are now a common design used in oil refineries, chemical process plants, boilers and steam generation.
Credits
Discipline of Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE)
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Curtin University
Lihong Liu
Lecturer (Sessional Academic)
Arash Arami-Niya
Lecturer
Roshanak Doroushi
Laboratory technician
Learning Engagement Team
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Curtin University
Diana Taylor
Lead Learning Engagement Developer
Madelon Heperi
Senior Learning Media Developer
Tommy Woodward
Multimedia Assistant
Credits
Discipline of Chemical Engineering (WASM-MECE)
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Curtin University
Lihong Liu
Lecturer (Sessional Academic)
Arash Arami-Niya
Lecturer
Roshanak Doroushi
Laboratory technician
Learning Engagement Team
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Curtin University
Diana Taylor
Lead Learning Engagement Developer
Madelon Heperi
Senior Learning Media Developer
Tommy Woodward
Multimedia Assistant